Treatment installation and method for treating workpieces

ABSTRACT

In order to provide a treatment installation for treating workpieces that is of simple construction and enables optimised workpiece treatment, it is proposed that the treatment installation should include a treatment chamber and a conveying device, by means of which the workpieces are suppliable to the treatment chamber, are removable from the treatment chamber, and/or are conveyable through the treatment chamber in a conveying direction.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a U.S. national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 ofInternational Patent Application PCT/EP2016/068210, filed Jul. 29, 2016,and claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2015 214 706.1,filed on Jul. 31, 2015, which disclosures are hereby incorporated byreferences in their entirety in this application.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present invention relates to a treatment installation and a methodfor treating workpieces. In particular, a treatment installation servesto dry coated vehicle bodies. The method for treating workpieces is thusin particular a method for drying coated vehicle bodies.

BACKGROUND

Treatment installations and treatment methods are known in particularfrom EP 1 998 129 B1, US 2006/0068094 A1, EP 1 302 737 A2 and WO02/073109 A1.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a treatmentinstallation that is of simple construction and enables optimisedworkpiece treatment.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a treatmentinstallation for treating workpieces, for example for drying coatedvehicle bodies, wherein the treatment installation includes a treatmentchamber and a conveying device, by means of which the workpieces aresuppliable to the treatment chamber, are removable from the treatmentchamber, and/or are conveyable through the treatment chamber in aconveying direction.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for theworkpieces to be receivable by means of the conveying device and to beconveyable through the treatment chamber, at least in certain regions,such that a longitudinal direction of the workpieces is oriented atleast approximately horizontally and/or transversely, in particularsubstantially perpendicular, to the conveying direction. An upright axisof the workpiece, which in the finished condition of the workpiece isoriented at least approximately vertically, is oriented during conveyingof the workpiece through the treatment chamber preferably at leastapproximately vertically or at least approximately horizontally.

In particular, it may be provided for the workpieces to be receivable bymeans of the conveying device and to be conveyable through the treatmentchamber, at least in certain regions, such that a longitudinal directionof the workpieces is oriented at least approximately horizontally and/orforms an angle of at least approximately 90° with the conveyingdirection.

For example, for the purpose of conveying the workpieces in an at leastapproximately horizontal plane, they are arranged rotated by at leastapproximately 90° in relation to the conveying direction about an atleast approximately vertical axis.

In this description and the attached claims, the terms “at leastapproximately” and “approximately” should be understood to meanpreferably a deviation of at most +/−20%, for example at most +/−10%, inparticular at most +/−5%, from the stated value.

It may be advantageous if the treatment installation includes at leastone inlet opening for supplying gas to the treatment chamber and atleast one outlet opening for removing gas from the treatment chamber,which are preferably arranged on mutually opposing sides of theworkpiece.

At least one inlet opening and/or at least one outlet opening may bearranged and/or formed for example in a wall that delimits the treatmentchamber.

As an alternative or in addition thereto, it may be provided for atleast one inlet opening and/or at least one outlet opening to be formedby an end region of a flow guide that opens into the treatment chamber.A flow guide of this kind may for example include one or more flowdiverting elements or flow guiding elements and/or a guide duct. Thesignificant point here is preferably that a region of the flow guidethat forms the at least one inlet opening and/or the at least one outletopening serves to discharge at least a large part of the supplied gasstream to the treatment chamber and/or to guide out at least a largepart of the gas stream that is guided out of the treatment chamber, inparticular regardless of whether or not, before the gas stream issupplied to the treatment chamber and/or after it has been removed fromthe treatment chamber, it is still guided in certain regions within aninternal contour of the housing surrounding the treatment chamber and/orwithin the treatment chamber.

Preferably, the at least one inlet opening on the one hand and the atleast one outlet opening on the other are arranged on mutually differentsides of a vertical workpiece transverse centre plane.

A vertical workpiece transverse centre plane is in particular a planethat is oriented perpendicular to a workpiece longitudinal direction andruns through the centre of gravity and/or a centre point of theworkpiece that is central in relation to a workpiece longitudinaldirection.

It may be favourable if all the inlet openings on the one hand and allthe outlet openings on the other are arranged on mutually differentsides of a vertical workpiece transverse centre plane. In one embodimentof the invention, it may be provided for at least one inlet opening andat least one outlet opening to be arranged at a distance from oneanother that is at least approximately 60%, in particular at leastapproximately 80%, for example at least approximately 100%, of a totallength of the workpiece, as seen in a workpiece longitudinal direction.

It may be advantageous if the at least one inlet opening and the atleast one outlet opening are arranged offset in relation to theconveying direction.

The at least one inlet opening and the at least one outlet opening arepreferably associated with a holding position of a workpiece in whichthe workpiece remains at least temporarily. By offsetting the at leastone inlet opening and the at least one outlet opening in relation to theconveying direction, preferably a gas flow with a vector component inthe conveying direction can be achieved. In particular, it may beprovided for a gas stream to flow in the conveying direction through aworkpiece that is in the holding position.

It may be provided for the treatment installation to include at leastone inlet opening for supplying gas to the treatment chamber and atleast one outlet opening for removing gas from the treatment chamber,wherein the at least one inlet opening on the one hand and the at leastone outlet opening on the other are arranged on different sides of thetreatment chamber in relation to a vertical longitudinal centre plane ofthe treatment chamber.

The vertical longitudinal centre plane is preferably a plane that isarranged centrally in relation to a maximum or average horizontaltransverse extent of the treatment chamber.

The vertical longitudinal centre plane in particular runs parallel tothe conveying direction.

The transverse extent is in particular an extent in a direction runningperpendicular to the conveying direction.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation includes one or moreinlet openings for supplying gas to the treatment chamber and/or one ormore outlet openings for removing gas from the treatment chamber.

Preferably, the one or more, in particular all, of the inlet openingsare arranged in one of two semi-chambers of the treatment chamber thatare divided by a longitudinal centre plane that runs vertically,horizontally or obliquely thereto.

As an alternative or in addition thereto, it may be provided for the oneor more, in particular all, of the outlet openings to be arranged in oneof the two semi-chambers of the treatment chamber that are divided bythe longitudinal centre plane that runs vertically, horizontally orobliquely thereto.

In particular, it may be provided for the one or more, in particularall, of the inlet openings to be arranged in a first semi-chamber andthe one or more, in particular all, of the outlet openings to bearranged in a further, in particular second, one of the twosemi-chambers.

By arranging the inlet openings and/or the outlet openings in each casepreferably in only one of two semi-chambers of the treatment chamber, itis possible in particular to supply gas on one side and/or to remove gason one side.

Preferably, the treatment installation includes a plurality of inletopenings for supplying gas to the treatment chamber and a plurality ofoutlet openings for removing gas from the treatment chamber, wherein theinlet openings on the one hand and the outlet openings on the other arepreferably arranged at least approximately opposite one another inrelation to a diagonal plane, wherein the diagonal plane extendsparallel to the conveying direction and substantially diagonally throughthe treatment chamber.

Preferably, the diagonal plane forms an angle of at least approximately40°, for example approximately 45°, and/or at most approximately 50°with the direction of gravity.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for the treatmentinstallation to include a plurality of inlet openings for supplying gasto the treatment chamber and a plurality of outlet openings for removinggas from the treatment chamber, wherein the inlet openings and theoutlet openings are arranged such that gas is flowable through thetreatment chamber transversely, in particular substantiallyperpendicular, to the conveying direction and/or at least approximatelydiagonally.

The treatment installation preferably includes at least one circulatingair module.

In particular, a plurality of circulating air modules of the treatmentinstallation may be provided.

A circulating air module, in particular each circulating air module,preferably includes the following:

-   -   a gas supply for supplying gas to the treatment chamber; and/or    -   a gas removal arrangement for removing gas from the treatment        chamber; and/or    -   a fan device for driving a circulating air gas stream; and/or    -   a separation device for separating contaminants out of the        circulating air gas stream; and/or    -   a distributor device for distributing the circulating air gas        stream that is to be supplied to the treatment chamber over a        plurality of inlet openings of the gas supply; and/or    -   a collecting device by means of which the circulating air gas        stream that is removed from the treatment chamber through a        plurality of outlet openings of the gas removal arrangement is        mergeable.

Preferably, the treatment installation includes a plurality ofcirculating air modules that succeed one another in the conveyingdirection.

Each circulating air module preferably forms a section, in particular acomplete section, of the treatment installation.

In particular, a circulating air module includes a circulating airdevice that is dockable onto a housing that surrounds the treatmentchamber.

A circulating air module in particular includes a section of the housingthat surrounds the treatment chamber, and a circulating air device.

In this description and the attached claims, the term “circulating air”does not necessarily refer to the gas “air”. Rather, the term“circulating air” preferably designates a gas that is guided in acircuit and is in particular processed and/or re-used a plurality oftimes.

Preferably, no connection ducts are provided between the circulating airdevice and the housing that surrounds the treatment chamber. Rather, thecirculating air device and the housing that surrounds the treatmentchamber preferably have a common wall.

A gas stream is preferably guidable from the circulating air device andinto the treatment chamber through an opening or recess in the commonwall.

The gas supply or gas removal arrangement may be a constituent part ofthe circulating air device or alternatively of the housing thatsurrounds the treatment chamber. Accordingly, the opening in the commonwall is suitable for supplying gas to the gas supply or alternativelyfor supplying gas to the treatment chamber.

The treatment installation preferably includes at least one flushingmodule.

In particular, a plurality of flushing modules of the treatmentinstallation may be provided.

A flushing module, in particular each flushing module, preferablyincludes the following:

-   -   a gas supply for supplying gas to the treatment chamber; and/or    -   a gas removal arrangement for removing gas from the treatment        chamber; and/or    -   a fan device for driving a flushing gas stream; and/or    -   a separation device for separating contaminants out of the        flushing gas stream; and/or    -   a distributor device for distributing the flushing gas stream        that is to be supplied to the treatment chamber over a plurality        of inlet openings of the gas supply; and/or    -   a collecting device by means of which the flushing gas stream        that is removed from the treatment chamber through a plurality        of outlet openings of the gas removal arrangement is mergeable.

Preferably, the treatment installation includes a plurality of flushingmodules that succeed one another in the conveying direction.

Each flushing module preferably forms a section, in particular acomplete section, of the treatment installation.

In particular, a flushing module includes a flushing gas device that isdockable onto a housing that surrounds the treatment chamber.

A flushing module in particular includes a section of the housing thatsurrounds the treatment chamber, and a flushing gas device.

Preferably, no connection ducts are provided between the flushing gasdevice and the housing that surrounds the treatment chamber. Rather, theflushing gas device and the housing that surrounds the treatment chamberpreferably have a common wall.

A gas stream is preferably guidable from the flushing gas device andinto the treatment chamber through an opening or recess in the commonwall.

The gas supply or gas removal arrangement may be a constituent part ofthe flushing gas device or alternatively of the housing that surroundsthe treatment chamber. Accordingly, the opening in the common wall issuitable for supplying gas to the gas supply or alternatively forsupplying gas to the treatment chamber.

One or more circulating air modules or all the circulating air modulesof the treatment installation and/or one or more flushing modules or allthe flushing modules of the treatment installation may have individualor a plurality of or all the features and/or advantages that aredescribed in conjunction with one module.

One or more modules or all the modules of the treatment installationpreferably each include one or more transport units or are each formedfrom one or more transport units.

A transport unit is in particular a transportable unit that may betransported from one location to another location as a whole and/orwithout further subdivision or further dismantling into constituentparts of the transport unit. For example, a transport unit istransportable as a whole by a heavy goods vehicle for receiving standardcontainers, ISO containers or maritime freight containers.

For example, it may be provided for one or more modules or all themodules each to include a plurality of transport units, for examplethree transport units, that together form or surround a treatmentchamber section of the module. In addition, there is preferablyassociated with each module or each of these transport units a device,in particular a circulating air device and/or a flushing gas device.

It may be provided for a device, in particular a circulating air deviceand/or a flushing gas device, to be associated with only one transportunit of a module.

In particular, it may be provided for a device, in particular acirculating air device and/or a flushing gas device, to be associatedwith only one transport unit, for example a centrally arranged transportunit, of three transport units of a module that together form orsurround a treatment chamber section of the module. In this case, one ormore annular gas flows are producible for example in only this transportunit.

A device, in particular a circulating air device and/or a flushing gasdevice, preferably forms a further transport unit of the module.

It may be advantageous if a longitudinal extent of a device, inparticular of a circulating air device and/or a flushing gas device, inthe conveying direction corresponds at least approximately to alongitudinal extent of a transport unit in the conveying direction.

It may be favourable if there are producible or produced, in one or moretransport units or in all transport units that form or surround atreatment chamber section of the module, in each case precisely oneannular gas flow or a plurality of annular gas flows.

It may be advantageous if there is associated with one or more, inparticular all, of the transport units in each case precisely oneprocessing cycle and/or in each case precisely one processing position(workpiece station) for processing workpieces. Within this one or more,in particular all, of the transport units there is then preferably ineach case only a single holding position in which the workpieces arestopped one after the other in order to perform a treatment procedure.

However, it may also be provided for there to be associated with one ormore, in particular all, of the transport units in each case a pluralityof processing cycles and/or in each case a plurality of processingpositions (workpiece stations) for processing workpieces. Within thisone or more, in particular all, of the transport units there are thenpreferably in each case a plurality of holding positions in which theworkpieces are stopped one after the other in order to perform one ormore treatment procedures.

The distributor device is preferably separated from the treatmentchamber by means of a dividing wall.

Preferably, the distributor device is arranged and/or formed entirely onone side of the treatment chamber.

The dividing wall forms or is in particular a side wall of the treatmentchamber or a section of a side wall of the treatment chamber.

One or more inlet openings, optionally all the inlet openings, arepreferably made in the dividing wall.

The dividing wall is preferably arranged within the housing thatsurrounds the treatment chamber. The distributor device is in that casepreferably a constituent part of the housing that surrounds thetreatment chamber.

However, it may also be provided for the dividing wall to be inparticular a common wall between the circulating air device or theflushing gas device on the one hand and the housing that surrounds thetreatment chamber on the other.

As an alternative or in addition to at least one inlet opening arrangedin a dividing wall, it may be provided for at least one inlet opening tobe arranged in a base wall of the housing that surrounds the treatmentchamber and/or in a top wall of the housing that surrounds the treatmentchamber.

In particular, a plurality of the above-described inlet openings may beprovided.

It may be favourable if the dividing wall is formed to follow aworkpiece contour, for example a workpiece longitudinal contour, atleast in certain regions.

It may be advantageous if the treatment installation is a treatmentinstallation for treating vehicle bodies and the dividing wall includesa substantially vertical section that runs at least approximatelyparallel to a vehicle front or a vehicle rear of a vehicle body, asubstantially horizontal section that runs at least approximatelyparallel to a front hood or rear hood of the vehicle body, and/or anoblique section that runs at least approximately parallel to A pillarsor C pillars of the vehicle body.

It may be favourable if the dividing wall includes a plurality of inletopenings in the substantially vertical section that runs at leastapproximately parallel to a vehicle front or a vehicle rear of a vehiclebody and/or a plurality of inlet openings in the oblique section thatruns at least approximately parallel to A pillars or C pillars of thevehicle body.

The treatment installation, in particular the treatment chamber, ispreferably adapted to an external shape of a vertical longitudinalsection of the workpieces, and in particular takes a form that at leastapproximately complements an external shape of a vertical longitudinalsection of the workpieces.

For example, one or both side walls of the treatment chamber, forexample a dividing wall and/or a side wall opposing the dividing wall,and/or a top wall and/or a base wall of the treatment chamber areadapted to an external shape of a vertical longitudinal section of theworkpieces, and in particular take a form that at least approximatelycomplements an external shape of a vertical longitudinal section of theworkpieces.

An external shape of a vertical longitudinal section is in particular amaximum external contour of the workpieces when the workpieces are seenin section along a vertical longitudinal centre plane.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation includes a pluralityof flushing modules and/or a plurality of circulating air modules,wherein each circulating air module preferably forms a heating zoneand/or a holding zone and/or a cooling zone of the treatment chamber.

Preferably, the treatment installation has a plurality of modules, inparticular circulating air modules and/or flushing modules, that succeedone another in the conveying direction.

It may be advantageous if the collecting device includes a collectingduct that is preferably arranged outside the treatment chamber and intowhich a plurality of outlet openings open.

As an alternative or in addition thereto, it may be provided for thecollecting device to include a return duct by means of which thecirculating air gas stream or flushing gas stream removed from thetreatment chamber through a plurality of outlet openings is guidable tothe fan device, the separation device and/or the distributor device.

Preferably, the treatment installation, in particular one or morecirculating air modules or each circulating air module of the treatmentinstallation, includes one or more return ducts that each connect one ormore outlet openings, through which a gas stream, in particular acirculating air gas stream and/or a flushing gas stream, is removablefrom the treatment chamber, to a respective one or more inlet openingsfor supplying the circulating air gas stream and/or a flushing gasstream to the treatment chamber.

The return ducts are preferably mutually independent return ducts. Forexample, one or more circulating air modules or all the circulating airmodules each include a plurality of mutually independent return ducts.

The return ducts preferably run or extend at least approximately alongplanes that are oriented perpendicular to the conveying direction.

By means of each return duct and the at least one outlet opening and atleast one inlet opening that are connected to one another by therespective return duct, an annular gas flow is preferably producedwithin a circulating air module, and this annular gas flow preferablyextends at least approximately along a plane that is orientedperpendicular to the conveying direction.

Preferably, there are formed in one or more circulating air modules orall the circulating air modules in each case a plurality of annular gasflows that are substantially mutually independent and/or run parallel toone another.

An effective main flow direction of the gas stream guided through thetreatment chamber preferably forms an angle of at least approximately70°, for example at least approximately 80°, in particular at leastapproximately 85°, with the conveying direction. This preferably allowsan undesired longitudinal flow of the gas stream in the conveyingdirection to be minimised.

It may be favourable if a fan device is associated with a plurality ofreturn ducts and/or annular gas flows.

For example, one or more circulating air modules or each circulating airmodule of the treatment installation each include(s) a fan device and aplurality of return ducts and/or annular gas flows associated with thisfan device.

Further, it may be provided for one or more circulating air modules oreach circulating air module of the treatment installation to include aplurality of fan devices and a plurality of return ducts and/or annulargas flows, wherein a separate fan device is associated with each returnduct and/or each annular gas flow.

One or more fan devices preferably each include a rotating impeller thatis in particular a ventilator element having air blades.

An axis of rotation of the impeller is preferably oriented at leastapproximately parallel or at least approximately perpendicular to theconveying direction.

As an alternative or in addition thereto, it may be provided for an axisof rotation of the impeller to be oriented at least approximatelyhorizontally or at least approximately vertically.

One or more fan devices in particular take the form of a radialventilator or axial ventilator.

A main flow direction of a gas stream, in particular an annular gasstream, in one or more return ducts is preferably oriented at leastapproximately perpendicular to the conveying direction and/or at leastapproximately horizontally.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for one or morecirculating air modules or each circulating air module of the treatmentinstallation to each include one or more inlet openings, one or moreoutlet openings and/or one or more return ducts, wherein the one or moreinlet openings, the one or more outlet openings and/or the one or morereturn ducts are arranged in common on one side of a diagonal plane thatdiagonally divides the treatment chamber and/or the treatmentinstallation.

In particular, it may be provided for the one or more inlet openings,one or more outlet openings and/or one or more return ducts to bearranged in common below or above a diagonal plane that diagonallydivides the treatment chamber and/or the treatment installation.

The diagonal plane in particular extends in the conveying directionand/or along a line of intersection or boundary line between a firstside wall of the treatment chamber and a top wall of the treatmentchamber and/or along a line of intersection or boundary line between asecond side wall of the treatment chamber and a base wall of thetreatment chamber, wherein the side walls are preferably arrangedopposite one another in relation to a vertical longitudinal centre planeof the treatment chamber.

One of the two side walls of the treatment chamber is preferably formedby a dividing wall that separates a distributor device from thetreatment chamber.

The line of intersection or boundary line between the first side wall ofthe treatment chamber and the top wall of the treatment chamber on theone hand and the line of intersection or boundary line between thesecond side wall of the treatment chamber and the base wall of thetreatment chamber on the other have a distance from each other in thehorizontal direction, wherein this distance is at least approximately40%, in particular at least approximately 60%, for example at leastapproximately 80%, of a total width of the treatment chamber in atransverse direction as seen horizontally and perpendicular to theconveying direction.

It may be advantageous if one or more circulating air modules or eachcirculating air module of the treatment installation includes variablysizeable and/or differently sized and/or adjustable and/or regulableoutlet openings, inlet openings and/or return ducts.

The outlet openings, the inlet openings and/or the return ducts arepreferably variably sizeable and/or of different sizes and/or adjustableand/or regulable in relation to a cross section of flow.

It may be favourable if a direction of flow, a flow rate and/or avolumetric flow of the gas stream that is guided through the treatmentchamber is locally influenceable or influenced by means of the outletopenings, the inlet openings and/or the return ducts, for example forremoval of gas by suction and/or supply of gas at a particular point.

In particular, it may be provided for an outlet opening that is arrangedbelow the workpiece to have a cross section of flow that is reduced bycomparison with an associated inlet opening, with the result that a flowrate below the workpiece is increased.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for one or moreoutlet openings that are arranged below the workpiece to be arrangedoffset in the direction of the workpiece, starting from a base wall orside wall of the treatment chamber. For example, one or more guide ductsmay be provided that project into the treatment chamber from the basewall or side wall and in particular enable gas close to the workpiece tobe removed.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for oneor more outlet openings that are arranged below the workpiece to bearranged offset at least approximately vertically upwards in thedirection of the workpiece, starting from a base wall of the treatmentchamber. For example, one or more guide ducts may be provided thatproject upwards into the treatment chamber from the base wall and inparticular enable gas close to the workpiece to be removed.

One or more openings in the one or more guide ducts, these openingsbeing arranged facing away from the base wall or side wall, preferablyform the one or more outlet openings.

The treatment installation preferably includes a gas supply by means ofwhich a gas stream is directable into an interior of a workpiece.

A stream that is designated in general as a “gas stream” may inparticular be a circulating air gas stream, a flushing gas stream, aninert gas stream, etc.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for the treatmentinstallation to include at least one gas supply that includes at leastone inlet opening by means of which a gas stream is directable into aninterior of the workpiece at least approximately perpendicular to anentry plane of an entry opening in a workpiece.

The entry opening is in particular an opening in which, in the assembledcondition of a workpiece that takes the form of a motor vehicle, a frontscreen (windscreen) or rear screen is arranged.

The entry plane is in particular a plane on which a border of the entryopening extends. In the case of a border that is curved in threedimensions, the entry plane is a plane in which three or more pointsthat are furthest from the inlet opening, in particular corner points,of the border are arranged. In the case of a mirror-symmetrical border,the border and the entry plane preferably have a common plane ofsymmetry.

It may be favourable if a gas stream, in particular a hot gas stream, aflushing gas stream and/or a cooling gas stream, is directed through anentry opening in a workpiece and into an interior of the workpiece,wherein a proportion of a volumetric flow of the gas stream that isdirected into the interior of the workpiece through the entry openingrepresents at least approximately 50%, preferably at least approximately75%, of a volumetric flow of a total gas stream that is directed ontoand/or into the workpiece.

It may be provided for the treatment installation to include a gasremoval arrangement by means of which a gas stream on a side of theworkpiece facing away from a b arrangement is removable from thetreatment chamber.

In particular, the treatment installation preferably includes at leastone inlet opening and at least one outlet opening that are arranged onmutually opposing sides of the workpiece.

It may be provided for the treatment installation to include at leastone inlet opening, for supplying gas to the treatment chamber, and atleast one outlet opening, for removing gas from the treatment chamber,which are arranged on mutually opposing sides of the workpiece, whereinpreferably flow through the treatment chamber is provided such that atleast 70%, preferably at least 90%, of the gas flowing in through thisat least one inlet opening is removable from the treatment chamberthrough this at least one outlet opening.

The at least one inlet opening and the at least one outlet opening arepreferably arranged offset from one another in relation to a workpiecelongitudinal direction.

The workpiece longitudinal direction and the conveying direction may beoriented for example parallel or transversely, in particularperpendicular, to one another.

It may be advantageous if the at least one inlet opening is arranged ina front region of a workpiece or in a rear region of a workpiece, whilethe at least one outlet opening is preferably arranged respectively in arear region or a front region of the workpiece.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation includes at least oneoutlet opening, for removing gas from the treatment chamber, that isarranged in a base wall or side wall or top wall that delimits thetreatment chamber.

The treatment chamber is preferably arranged in a housing (casing).Preferably, the treatment chamber is delimited by a base wall, a sidewall, a further side wall or dividing wall and/or a top wall of thehousing.

In this description and the attached claims, the term “drying” of theworkpiece should be understood to mean in particular converting acoating that has been applied to the workpiece from a condition directlyafter application of the coating to a condition in which the coating isstable over the long term.

In particular, drying of the workpiece is removal of solvent, curing ofthe applied coating, solidification of the applied coating, etc.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation includes a pluralityof modules, in particular circulating air modules and/or flushingmodules, that are coupled, in particular supplied, by means of a commonenergy module.

The energy module is in particular a so-called power module.

It may be provided for the conveying device to include a rotation deviceby means of which a rotational orientation of the workpieces about avertical axis of rotation is variable.

A vertical axis of rotation is in particular an axis oriented parallelto the direction of gravity.

By means of a rotation device of the conveying device, a rotationalorientation of the workpieces can preferably be varied such that theworkpieces are conveyable in a more bulky first rotational orientationand are then movable into a less bulky second rotational orientation inorder to be guided through a constriction point. A constriction point ofthis kind may in particular be a lock.

Once it has passed through the constriction point, the respectiveworkpiece may be moved into the more bulky first rotational orientationagain, preferably by means of a further rotation device.

A more bulky first rotational orientation is in particular a rotationalorientation of a workpiece that takes the form of a vehicle body suchthat a workpiece longitudinal axis is oriented perpendicular to theconveying direction. A less bulky second rotational orientation is inparticular a rotational orientation of a workpiece that takes the formof a vehicle body such that the workpiece longitudinal axis is orientedparallel to the conveying direction.

In particular for the purpose of passing through a constriction point,in particular a lock, a change in the rotational orientation may forexample be provided by means of one or more rotation devices such that arotation by 90° is performed once or twice or more than twice.

It may be favourable if the conveying device includes a lifting deviceby means of which the workpieces are liftable from a first level to asecond level and/or are lowerable from the second level to the firstlevel.

Further, it may be provided for the conveying device to include atransfer device by means of which the workpieces are transferable fromone partial conveying line to a further partial conveying line, whereinthe conveying directions in the two partial conveying lines aredifferent from one another, and wherein a global rotational orientationof the workpieces in relation to the treatment installation is identicalin both partial conveying lines.

By means of a transfer device of this kind, a local rotationalorientation preferably varies in relation to the respective conveyingdirection in the partial conveying lines.

For example, a conveying direction that is rotated by 90° may beprovided while maintaining a global rotational orientation in relationto the treatment installation.

For example, it may be provided for a lock to be passed through in aworkpiece longitudinal direction in order to enable the width of a lockto be small. The actual conveying, in particular through a treatmentchamber, is preferably performed transversely, in particularperpendicular, to the workpiece longitudinal direction.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for the conveyingdevice to include a rotation device, by means of which a rotationalorientation of the workpieces about a vertical axis of rotation isvariable, and a lifting device, by means of which the workpieces areliftable from a first level to a second level and/or are lowerable fromthe second level to the first level, wherein the rotation device and thelifting device take the form of an integrated handling device forhandling the workpieces between two partial conveying lines.

By means of the handling device it is thus possible to perform arotation and/or a lifting or lowering of individual or a plurality ofworkpieces at the same time or alternatively successively.

The workpieces are preferably conveyable along a plurality of partialconveying lines by means of the conveying device, wherein the partialconveying lines preferably together form an overall conveying line.

At least two partial conveying lines are preferably connected to oneanother by means of a lifting device and/or a rotation device and/or atransfer device.

The present invention further relates to a method for treatingworkpieces, for example for drying coated vehicle bodies.

In this respect, the object of the invention is to provide a method bymeans of which an optimised workpiece treatment is performable.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method fortreating workpieces, for example for drying coated vehicle bodies,wherein the method includes the following:

-   -   supplying workpieces to a treatment chamber of a treatment        installation; and/or    -   guiding workpieces through the treatment chamber; and/or    -   removing workpieces from the treatment chamber.

Preferably, the method has individual or a plurality of the featuresand/or advantages described in conjunction with the treatmentinstallation.

Further, the treatment installation preferably has individual or aplurality of the features and/or advantages described in conjunctionwith the method.

It may be favourable if the workpieces are conveyed through thetreatment chamber, at least in certain regions, by means of a conveyingdevice such that a longitudinal direction of the workpieces is orientedtransversely, in particular substantially perpendicular, to theconveying direction.

It may be advantageous if gas is supplied to the treatment chamber bymeans of at least one inlet opening and gas is removed from thetreatment chamber by means of at least one outlet opening, wherein thesupply on the one hand and the removal on the other are preferablyperformed on mutually different sides of a vertical workpiece transversecentre plane and/or a diagonal plane.

The workpieces are preferably conveyed through the treatment chamberdiscontinuously and/or in clocked manner.

It may be favourable if the workpieces are stopped at one or moreholding positions and a gas stream flows, in particular flushes, throughthem there.

In particular, it may be provided for the workpieces to be positioned atone or more holding positions in a predetermined relative position inrelation to one or more inlet openings and/or one or more outletopenings in order in particular to enable a gas stream to flow throughthe workpieces in a targeted manner.

Preferably, gas supply to the treatment chamber and/or gas removal fromthe treatment chamber is performed continuously, in particularindependently of a preferably discontinuous and/or clocked conveying ofthe workpieces. As a result of the discontinuous and/or clockedconveying of the workpieces, in particular stopping of the workpieces atone or more holding positions, a desired flow through the one or moreworkpieces may preferably be enabled, in particular without any risk oflocal overheating of the respective workpiece, despite the continuousgas stream.

However, it may also be provided for gas supply to the treatment chamberand/or gas removal from the treatment chamber to be performeddiscontinuously and/or in clocked manner, in which case conveying of theworkpieces is then performed preferably continuously or discontinuouslyand/or in clocked manner.

In particular, it may be provided for a volumetric flow of the gasstream guided through the treatment chamber to be reduced and/orinterrupted if one or more workpieces are moved and/or arranged inintermediate positions, in particular in undesired intermediatepositions. As a result, preferably an optimised workpiece temperaturecontrol is achieved. Further, as a result preferably undesiredturbulence can be reduced or entirely avoided, in particular in order tominimise or entirely prevent dust or other contaminants from beingwhirled up.

An intermediate position is for example a position of the workpiecewithin the treatment chamber that is between two successive treatmentpositions of the workpiece.

An intermediate position is in particular a position of the workpiecewithin the treatment chamber in which a regular and/or non-reducedsupply of the gas stream would result in an undesired local overheatingor cooling of the workpiece. For example, an intermediate position is aposition of the workpieces in which a gas stream that is directed intothe treatment chamber flows onto A pillars or C pillars of theworkpieces or past the workpieces, instead of into an interior of theworkpieces.

It may be advantageous if a gas stream flows, in particular flushes,through the workpieces at least in certain regions or at least partly ina workpiece longitudinal direction.

It may be favourable if at least approximately 35%, in particular atleast approximately 50%, and/or at most approximately 90%, in particularat most approximately 80%, of the gas stream flowing through thetreatment chamber flows through the workpieces.

Here, the gas stream may be in particular a heating gas stream forheating the workpieces and/or a flushing gas stream for flushing throughthe workpieces, in particular for removing solvent, and/or a cooling gasstream for cooling the workpieces.

Of the gas stream flowing through the treatment chamber, it may beprovided for a partial gas stream, which flows through the workpieces,to flow into an interior of the respective workpiece through one or moreentry openings and to flow out of the interior through one or more exitopenings.

An entry opening is for example an opening for receiving a windscreen. Aplurality of exit openings are then for example openings for rear sidewindows and/or rear windows and/or an opening for receiving a rearscreen. For example, for this purpose there may be provided removal bysuction, arranged at least approximately at mid-point and/or centrallybelow a vehicle rear.

Further, an entry opening is for example an opening for receiving a rearscreen. A plurality of exit openings are then for example openings forfront side windows and/or an opening for receiving a windscreen. Forexample, for this purpose there may be provided removal by suction,arranged at least approximately at mid-point and/or centrally below avehicle front.

As an alternative or in addition to the features mentioned above, it maybe provided for the treatment chamber to include at least one heatingsection in which the workpieces are heatable and/or are maintainable ata temperature higher than an ambient temperature.

In this description and the attached claims, the term “ambienttemperature” should be understood to mean in particular a temperature inthe environment around the treatment installation, for example atemperature in the factory, in particular approximately 10° C. to 40° C.or approximately 20° C. to 25° C.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation includes a flushingdevice for flushing a gas stream through a flushing section of thetreatment chamber.

The gas stream is for example a fresh air stream and/or an exhaust gasstream from a cooling section and/or a heating section and/or an exhaustgas stream from a lock (isolating gas stream) of the treatmentinstallation.

A fresh air stream is a gas stream of fresh air. Fresh air is inparticular factory air in a factory in which the treatment installationis arranged, and/or outside air or ambient air from an environmentaround the treatment installation and/or the factory in which thetreatment installation is arranged.

It may be provided for a gas stream to be guided through the treatmentchamber multiple times, in particular to be supplied successively todifferent sections of the treatment chamber.

For example, a gas stream may be taken from a cooling zone and/orheating zone and/or holding zone of the treatment chamber and suppliedto a lock. A gas stream removed from the lock is then suppliable to theflushing section of the treatment chamber for example as a flushing gasstream.

It may be provided for the flushing section of the treatment chamber tobe arranged downstream of at least one heating section of the treatmentchamber, as seen in the conveying direction.

In particular, it may be provided for the flushing section of thetreatment chamber to be arranged directly after at least one heatingsection of the treatment chamber, as seen in the conveying direction.

It may be advantageous if the flushing section of the treatment chamberis arranged between at least two heating sections of the treatmentchamber, as seen in the conveying direction.

The treatment chamber preferably includes at least one heating section,at least one cooling section for cooling the workpieces, and at leastone flushing section.

At least one flushing section is preferably arranged between the atleast one heating section and the at least one cooling section, as seenin the conveying direction.

It may be favourable if the heating section, the flushing section and/orthe cooling section are selectively fluidically separable from oneanother and fluidically connectable to one another by means of one ormore separating elements.

A separating element is in particular a mechanical separating element,for example a gate. Further, a separating element may for example be aseparating element that operates by fluid mechanics, in particular anairlock.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation includes a gas guidearrangement by means of which the gas stream that is supplied to aflushing section of the treatment chamber is suppliable, after it hasflowed through the flushing section, to at least one heating section ofthe treatment chamber.

In particular, the gas stream that is supplied to a flushing section ofthe treatment chamber may be suppliable, after it has flowed through theflushing section, to a plurality of heating sections of the treatmentchamber, in particular two heating sections.

Here, the gas stream is preferably divisible after it has flowed throughthe flushing section, with the result that a respective partial gasstream is suppliable to the respective heating section of the treatmentchamber.

It may be advantageous if the gas stream that is supplied to a flushingsection of the treatment chamber is suppliable, after it has flowedthrough the flushing section, to at least one heating section of thetreatment chamber at an end of the heating section that is facing awayfrom a flushing section.

For example, it may be provided for the gas stream that is supplied to aflushing section of the treatment chamber to be suppliable, after it hasflowed through the flushing section, to two or more heating sections ofthe treatment chamber at the end of the respective heating section thatis facing away from the flushing section. The gas stream then flowsthrough the respective heating section preferably from an end of theheating section that is facing away from the flushing section to an endof the heating section that faces the flushing section.

It may be advantageous if the treatment installation includes a flushingdevice by means of which a heated gas stream is suppliable to a flushingsection of the treatment chamber. The term “heated gas stream” hereshould be understood to mean in particular a gas stream having atemperature higher than the ambient temperature.

For example, a heated gas stream may be a gas stream removed from acooling section of the treatment installation.

As an alternative or in addition thereto, it may be provided for thetreatment installation, in particular the flushing device, for example aflushing module, to include a heating device for heating the gas stream.The heating device may for example include an exhaust gas cleaningdevice, in particular a regenerative thermal oxidation plant. Further,exhaust heat from the treatment installation may be utilised to heat thegas stream.

It may be favourable if a heating section includes at least one heatingzone for heating up the workpieces and/or at least one holding zone inwhich an elevated temperature of the workpieces is maintainable.

Preferably, each heating zone and/or each holding zone includes one ormore circulating air modules for circulation of the gas stream that isguided in the respective heating zone and/or holding zone.

In particular, a heating section includes a plurality of heating zonesand/or a plurality of holding zones, which each preferably include oneor more circulating air modules.

It may be provided for a heating section to include at least one heatingzone for heating up the workpieces and/or at least one holding zone inwhich an elevated temperature of the workpieces is maintainable, whereinpreferably each heating zone and/or each holding zone includes aseparate heating device and/or a separate heat exchanger for heating thegas stream that is guided in the respective heating zone and/or holdingzone.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation includes at least oneheating section, at least one flushing section and at least one coolingsection, wherein the at least one heating section and/or the at leastone flushing section are arranged above the at least one cooling sectionin relation to the direction of gravity.

It may be favourable if a heating section and/or a flushing section ofthe treatment installation are arranged entirely above the coolingsection.

The treatment installation may for example include a lifting device bymeans of which the workpieces are liftable to a level of the heatingsection and/or the flushing section and/or are lowerable to a level ofthe cooling section.

The lifting device may for example form or include a lock and/or aflushing section of the treatment installation. A lock chamber orflushing chamber that is separable from the heating section and/or thecooling section is then preferably delimited and/or sealed by a baseplate of the lifting device and/or a lateral dividing wall. The lateraldividing wall preferably separates the lock chamber from the heatingsection. The base plate preferably separates the lock chamber from thecooling section.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for the treatmentinstallation to include at least one gas supply by means of which a gasstream is directable at least approximately perpendicular to an entryplane of an entry opening in a workpiece and into an interior of theworkpiece.

The entry opening is in particular an access to the interior, forexample an opening in a workpiece taking the form of a vehicle body,wherein the opening serves for example to receive a windscreen or rearscreen.

The workpieces are preferably receivable by means of the conveyingdevice and conveyable through at least one heating section, at least oneflushing section and/or at least one cooling section of the treatmentchamber such that a longitudinal direction of the workpieces is orientedtransversely, in particular substantially perpendicular, to theconveying direction.

In particular, a vehicle longitudinal axis of workpieces that take theform of vehicle bodies is oriented transversely, preferablyperpendicular, to the conveying direction.

The treatment installation is preferably a drying installation fordrying vehicle bodies.

In particular for enabling energy-efficient operation of the treatmentinstallation, it may be provided for an exhaust gas stream from acooling section of the treatment installation to be used as the flushinggas stream. As a result, a heated flushing gas stream can be provided inan energy-efficient manner, since the gas guided through the coolingsection takes up heat from the workpieces to be cooled.

A lock (gas lock) is preferably a section of the treatment installationthat is different from a flushing section.

An isolating gas stream preferably flows through a lock.

The isolating gas stream flows through the lock preferably at leastapproximately in the direction of gravity from top to bottom, or frombottom to top.

The isolating gas stream preferably forms an angle of at leastapproximately 30°, in particular at least approximately 40°, for exampleapproximately 50°, with the horizontal. As an alternative or in additionthereto, it may be provided for the isolating gas stream preferably toform an angle of approximately 90°, in particular at most approximately75°, for example at most approximately 60°, with the horizontal.

The isolating gas stream is removed and/or sucked away from the lock,preferably in a base section of the lock.

Preferably, an isolating gas stream that is guided through the lock isre-used after it has flowed through the lock, in particular beingsupplied to a flushing section of the treatment installation as aflushing gas stream.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for an isolatinggas stream for a lock to be supplied to the workpieces, after it hasflowed through the lock, as a flushing gas stream and to be guidedthrough them.

The flushing gas stream that is supplied to the workpieces preferablyincludes a content of at least approximately 30%, in particular at leastapproximately 40%, for example at least approximately 50%, of isolatinggas of the isolating gas stream.

Further, it may be provided for the flushing gas stream that is suppliedto the workpieces to include a content of preferably at mostapproximately 80%, in particular at most approximately 70%, of isolatinggas of the isolating gas stream. The isolating gas stream is preferablyat least partly or entirely a stream of fresh air and/or a gas streamthat is removed from a heating section or cooling section of thetreatment installation.

The workpieces are preferably first guided through at least one heatingsection of the treatment chamber and then flushed with a flushing gasstream. After the flushing, the workpieces are preferably supplied to atleast one further heating section of the treatment chamber and/or atleast one cooling section of the treatment chamber.

For example, it may be provided, after the flushing, for the workpiecesfirst to be supplied to a further heating section and then to a coolingsection, or alternatively to the cooling section directly after theflushing.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for a flushingsection and at least one heating section and/or at least one coolingsection to be fluidically separated from one another by means of one ormore separating elements in order to perform a flushing procedure.

In particular, in this case a clocked operation of a flushing deviceand/or the conveying device is provided such that the workpieces arepreferably suppliable to the flushing section successively, individuallyor in discrete groups.

It may be advantageous if a gas stream, in particular a heated gasstream (hot gas stream), a flushing gas stream and/or a cooling gasstream is directed in a direction running substantially perpendicular toan entry opening in a workpiece and into an interior of the workpiece.

By means of the flushing device, preferably a workpiece interior, inparticular a body interior, is flushable. Preferably, as a result ofthis, solvent escaping from a workpiece and/or other readily volatilecoating components, sealing components and/or adhesive components areremovable from the workpiece interior.

Preferably, workpieces of different types and/or sizes can be conveyedthrough the treatment chamber by means of the conveying device.

At least one inlet opening for supplying gas to the treatment chamberpreferably includes a nozzle or is formed by a nozzle.

It may be favourable if at least one inlet opening for supplying gas tothe treatment chamber includes a jet nozzle or is formed by a jetnozzle.

A jet nozzle preferably includes a nozzle inlet and a nozzle outlet,wherein the nozzle outlet preferably has a larger cross sectionalsurface than the nozzle inlet, and/or wherein preferably a continuouslydivergent, in particular continuously increasingly divergent, gasguiding section is provided between the nozzle inlet and the nozzleoutlet.

It may be advantageous if the jet nozzle includes a flow shapingelement, for example in the form of a central body.

The central body is arranged in the region of the nozzle outlet of thenozzle, preferably centrally in relation to a plane orientedperpendicular to the direction of flow in the nozzle.

For example, the central body is substantially conical and takes a formthat widens in the direction of flow.

The nozzle and/or the central body are preferably formed and/or arrangedto be rotationally symmetrical about a common axis of rotation.

Further preferred features of a jet nozzle are mentioned for example inWO 2014/063797 A1, whereof the entirety of the description isincorporated into the present invention by reference.

A nozzle may have a cross sectional shape that is for examplerectangular, round, oval or elongate.

Preferably, the nozzle is arranged to be movable in respect of itsposition and/or orientation on a wall, in particular a dividing wall,side wall, base wall and/or top wall, of a housing that delimits thetreatment chamber. For example, planar sheets and/or slots may beprovided in the respective wall in order that the position and/ororientation of the at least one nozzle can be adjusted.

It may be favourable if one or more inlet openings are closable by meansof cover elements, in particular flaps.

Preferably, more uniform heating and/or cooling of the workpieces isproduced by turbulent flow in the respective workpiece interior.

It may be favourable if any action of the hot gas stream on delicateworkpiece regions, for example regions of thin sheet (in particular inthe roof region of a vehicle body), is avoided or at least reduced.

Preferably, reduced flow against the conveying device is produced, as aresult of which it is possible for less dirt to be discharged from aconveyor chain of the conveying device or another conveying element ofthe conveying device.

It may be favourable if a flow path between the at least one inletopening and the at least one outlet opening is shortened, as a result ofwhich a better drying equilibrium can be produced.

As a result of a targeted local removal by suction (removing the gasstream through one or more outlet openings), preferably locallyincreased flow rates can be obtained in order to achieve a preferredlevel of flow against the workpieces.

The flushing device and/or a lock may for example include one or moreseparating elements that are formed by a hinged gate, a roll-up gate ora lifting gate. Here, it may be provided for a respective separatingelement to be arranged upstream and/or downstream of the workpiece thatis to be treated, as seen in the conveying direction, in order toenclose the workpiece during the flushing procedure and/or the passagethrough the lock.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for a mechanicalseparation (mechanical separating element) of the heating section to bedispensed with. For example, a final module, which forms a heating zoneor holding zone, takes the form of a flushing module. A flushing moduleof this kind is in particular operable in a fresh air/exhaust airoperation.

A gas in a cooling section of the treatment device is preferablysolvent-free. An exhaust gas stream that is removed from the coolingsection is thus preferably re-usable in the treatment installation, forexample as a gas stream to be supplied to a heating section and/orflushing section.

It may be favourable if the conveying device includes a chain conveyor.

A conveyor chain is preferably integrated in a base of the housing thatsurrounds the treatment chamber, in particular being let into it.

The workpieces are for example arranged and/or received on the conveyingdevice by means of a respective skid.

It may be favourable if a skid for receiving one or more workpieces isarrangeable on the conveying device and conveyable by means thereof suchthat longitudinal axes of skid runners of the skid are orientedsubstantially parallel to the conveying direction.

As an alternative thereto, it may further be provided for a skid forreceiving one or more workpieces to be arrangeable on the conveyingdevice and conveyable by means thereof such that longitudinal axes ofskid runners of the skid are oriented transversely, in particularsubstantially perpendicular, to the conveying direction.

It may be favourable if one or more workpieces are arrangeable on a skidand receivable on the conveying device by means of the skid and/or areconveyable by means of the conveying device such that a workpiecelongitudinal axis is oriented parallel or transversely, in particularsubstantially perpendicular, to longitudinal axes of skid runners of theskid and/or parallel or transversely, in particular substantiallyperpendicular, to the conveying direction.

A lower edge of a skid is preferably located on or just above a baselevel of the treatment chamber.

It may be favourable if the conveying device is a combination of a skidconveying device and a conveying device without skids.

However, it is also possible to provide solely a skid conveying deviceor a conveying device without skids.

If both a skid conveying device and a conveying device without skids areprovided, it may be provided for the treatment installation to include atransfer device for transferring the workpieces from a skid onto aconveying device without skids.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation includes one or moredummy modules that form sections of the treatment chamber but are notheated and are not provided with inlet openings or outlet openings. As aresult, in particular a more uniform application of the heat isachievable.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for the treatmentinstallation to include a centralised or higher-level heating device.

In particular, it may be provided for a plurality of circulating airdevices and/or flushing gas devices to be thermally coupled to theheating device. For example, a hot gas line may be provided by means ofwhich hot gas (heated gas) is suppliable from the heating device to thecirculating air devices and/or flushing gas devices.

One or more circulating air devices and/or one or more flushing gasdevices preferably each include one or more heat exchangers to whichthere is suppliable on the one hand a gas stream to be supplied to thetreatment chamber and on the other a hot gas stream, in particular a hotgas stream coming from the heating device.

By means of the one or more heat exchangers, a gas stream to be suppliedto the treatment chamber is preferably heatable indirectly.

The heating device may for example be a thermal exhaust gas cleaningdevice, in particular for cleaning exhaust gas removed from thetreatment chamber.

Preferably, a desired heating effect may be established in a targetedmanner, in particular controlled and/or regulated, in the individualcirculating air devices and/or flushing gas devices by suitable valvesand/or flaps.

The treatment installation preferably further includes the following:

-   -   a treatment chamber that includes a plurality of treatment        chamber sections, each of which is associated with one of a        plurality of separate circulating air modules of the treatment        installation;    -   a heating installation that preferably includes a self-contained        heating gas guide arrangement, wherein a plurality of        circulating air modules are coupled to the heating gas guide        arrangement, in particular for the purpose of heating the gas        guided through the treatment chamber sections.

Because the treatment installation preferably includes a heatinginstallation having a self-contained heating gas guide arrangement thatis coupled to the circulating air modules, the gas to be supplied to thetreatment chamber sections is heatable simply and efficiently. As aresult, the treatment installation may preferably be operated in aparticularly energy-efficient manner.

The heating gas guide arrangement preferably takes the form of a closedring, with the result that at least a partial gas stream of a heatinggas stream that is guided in the heating gas guide arrangement flowsthrough the heating gas guide arrangement multiple times.

The heating gas is preferably untreated gas and/or clean gas that issuitable and/or provided for use in the treatment chamber, that is tosay for flowing through the treatment chamber.

At least directly upstream of the treatment chamber sections, theheating gas is preferably at a temperature that is higher than that ofthe gas stream in the circulating air modules and/or treatment chambersections.

Preferably, the heating gas is not an exhaust gas of a heating device ofthe heating installation, and in particular is not combustion exhaustgas.

The term “self-contained heating gas guide arrangement” should beunderstood to mean in particular a heating gas guide arrangement inwhich at least some of the heating gas stream is guided in a circuit.Independently thereof, it is preferably possible even with aself-contained heating gas guide arrangement for a continuous or phasedsupply of fresh gas to be provided to the heating gas stream and/or forheating gas to be removed from the heating gas stream.

It may be favourable if a supply of fresh gas and a removal of heatinggas, that is to say an exchange of heating gas, are preferably of a sizesuch that, on a single pass of the heating gas stream through theheating gas guide arrangement, at least 40%, preferably at leastapproximately 50%, in particular at least approximately 80%, for exampleat least approximately 90%, of the heating gas stream that passes aparticular point on the heating gas guide arrangement returns to thispoint again after the pass is complete.

The supply of fresh gas and/or the removal of heating gas from theheating gas stream is preferably performed exclusively in the treatmentchamber sections and/or the circulating air modules of the treatmentinstallation.

However, it may also be provided for a fresh gas supply and/or anexhaust gas removal arrangement to be associated with the heatinginstallation and, by means of these, for fresh gas to be supplied andheating gas to be removed from the heating gas stream in an area outsidethe treatment chamber sections and/or outside the circulating airmodules.

The circulating air modules and/or the treatment chamber sections arepreferably a constituent part of the heating gas guide arrangement.

In particular, the heating gas is at least in part preferably guidablethrough the treatment chamber sections multiple times before it (again)flows through the part of the heating gas guide arrangement that islocated outside the circulating air modules and/or outside the treatmentchamber sections.

In one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided for the heatinggas guide arrangement to include a circulating air guide that in certainregions is formed by a plurality of parallel circulating air modulesand/or treatment chamber sections.

Preferably, a gas stream is guidable in the circulating air modulesand/or treatment chamber sections in a circulating air circuit to whichheating gas is suppliable from the heating gas guide arrangement.Preferably, a partial gas stream of the gas stream of each circulatingair module and/or treatment chamber section that is guided in thecircuit is removable from the circulating air module and/or treatmentchamber section, is guidable in a closed circuit by means of the heatinggas guide arrangement, and finally is suppliable again, as part of theheating gas stream, to one or more circulating air modules and/ortreatment chamber sections.

A supply of heat to the individual circulating air devices and/orflushing gas devices may preferably be direct, in particular through thedirect supply of heating gas, or indirect, in particular by the transferof heat from a heating gas or hot gas to the gas stream to be suppliedto the treatment chamber.

The heating gas may be coupled thermally, for example by means of a heatexchanger, to a hot gas of the heating device, in particular an exhaustgas of the heating device, in order to transfer heat from the hot gas,in particular the exhaust gas of the heating device, to the heating gas.

Further preferred features and/or advantages of the invention form thesubject matter of the description below and the illustrativerepresentation of exemplary embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the mode of operation of afirst embodiment of a treatment installation for treating workpieces;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective illustration, partly in section, ofa second embodiment of a treatment installation;

FIG. 3 shows a further schematic perspective sectional illustration ofthe treatment installation from FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 shows a further schematic perspective sectional illustration ofthe treatment installation from FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 shows a horizontal section through the treatment installationfrom FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 shows an oblique section through the treatment installation fromFIG. 2;

FIG. 7 shows a horizontal section through a plurality of modules of thetreatment installation from FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 shows a schematic vertical section through the treatmentinstallation from FIG. 2, wherein a workpiece is arranged in a treatmentchamber of the treatment installation;

FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of the treatment installation fromFIG. 2, corresponding to FIG. 8, wherein a workpiece of a differentshape and/or size is arranged in the treatment chamber;

FIG. 10 shows a schematic perspective illustration of inlet openings andan outlet opening in the treatment installation and a workpiece to betreated;

FIG. 11 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation in which transverse conveying and a gas supply through atop wall are provided;

FIG. 12 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation in which transverse conveying and a gas supply through avertical side wall are provided;

FIG. 13 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein transverse conveying and a gas supply through adividing wall that is adapted to the contour are provided;

FIG. 14 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein transverse conveying and a horizontal gas supplyto a lower front region of the workpiece are provided;

FIG. 15 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein transverse conveying and three inlet openings forthe gas supply through a base wall of the treatment installation areprovided;

FIG. 16 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein transverse conveying and a removal of gas throughan outlet opening arranged in the base wall are provided;

FIG. 17 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein transverse conveying and a removal of gas throughan outlet opening arranged in a side wall are provided;

FIG. 18 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein transverse conveying and a lateral removal of gasin the conveying direction are provided;

FIG. 19 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein transverse conveying and a gas supply and a gasremoval arrangement are provided such that there is a substantiallydiagonal flow through the treatment chamber;

FIG. 20 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein longitudinal conveying and a gas supply accordingto the embodiment in FIG. 11 are provided;

FIG. 21 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein longitudinal conveying and a gas supply accordingto the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 15 are provided;

FIG. 22 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein longitudinal conveying and a gas removalarrangement according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 16 areprovided;

FIG. 23 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein longitudinal conveying and a lateral removal ofgas that is directed perpendicular to the conveying direction areprovided;

FIG. 24 shows a schematic vertical section through a treatmentinstallation, wherein longitudinal conveying and a gas supply accordingto the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 19 are provided;

FIG. 25 shows a schematic perspective, partly transparent illustrationof a cascaded gas guide arrangement;

FIG. 26 shows a schematic illustration of an alternative embodiment of agas guide arrangement of the treatment installation;

FIG. 27 shows a schematic illustration of a further alternativeembodiment of a gas guide arrangement of the treatment installation;

FIG. 28 shows a schematic plan view of a conveying device that includesa transfer device;

FIG. 29 shows a schematic plan view of a conveying device in which twotransfer devices are provided;

FIG. 30 shows a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of aconveying device, in which two rotation devices are provided;

FIG. 31 shows a schematic side view of a further embodiment of aconveying device, in which a rotation device, a lifting device and atransfer device are provided; and

FIG. 32 shows a schematic plan view of a further alternative embodimentof a conveying device, in which a rotation device that is arranged in atreatment chamber is provided.

Like or functionally equivalent elements are provided with the samereference numerals in all the Figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An embodiment that is illustrated in FIG. 1, of a treatment installationthat is designated 100 as a whole, is for example a drying installation102 for drying coated workpieces 104.

The workpieces 104 are for example vehicle bodies 106. The coating isfor example a paint.

The treatment installation 100 includes a housing 108 that surrounds atreatment chamber 110.

The treatment chamber 110 serves to receive one or more workpieces 104.

In particular, the workpieces 104 are conveyable through the treatmentchamber 110 in a conveying direction 112.

For this purpose, the treatment installation 100 includes in particulara conveying device 114, for example a chain conveyor.

The workpieces 104 are arrangeable on the conveying device 114 andmovable in the conveying direction 112 thereby, preferably by means of askid or alternatively without skids.

The housing 108 includes two side walls 116 that are lateral as seen inthe conveying direction 112, a base wall 120 that is arranged at thebottom in relation to the direction 118 of gravity, and a top wall 122that is arranged at the top in relation to the direction 118 of gravity.

The housing 108 in particular takes a substantially cuboid form.

For efficient treatment of the workpiece 104, a gas stream is preferablysuppliable to the treatment chamber 110.

For this purpose, the treatment installation 100 includes a gas supply124.

The gas supply 124 preferably includes a plurality of inlet openings126, which are arranged for example in a side wall 116 or a dividingwall 128 of the housing 108, this dividing wall 128 to be explainedbelow.

Further, the treatment installation 100 preferably includes a gasremoval arrangement 130, which in particular includes a plurality ofoutlet openings 132.

The outlet openings 132 may for example be arranged in a side wall 116and/or in the base wall 120.

In further embodiments, the inlet openings 126 and the outlet openings132 may also be in other positions, however. For example, it is alsopossible to arrange inlet openings 126 and/or outlet openings 132 in thetop wall 122.

For the purpose of optimum flow of the gas stream through the workpieces104, the inlet openings 126 on the one hand and the outlet openings 132on the other are preferably arranged on mutually opposing sides of theworkpiece 104.

In particular, the inlet openings 126 on the one hand and the outletopenings 132 on the other are arranged on mutually opposing sides of aworkpiece transverse centre plane 134, a vertical longitudinal centreplane 136 of the treatment chamber 110 and/or a diagonal plane 138 ofthe treatment chamber 110.

The workpiece transverse centre plane 134 is in particular a plane thatis oriented perpendicular to a workpiece longitudinal direction 140 andruns through a geometric centre point, arranged at mid-point as seen inthe workpiece longitudinal direction 140, or centre of gravity of theworkpiece 104.

The workpiece longitudinal direction 140 is in this case in particular alongitudinal direction of the vehicle in which a vehicle that includesthe vehicle body 106 moves when it is travelling forward in a straightline.

The vertical longitudinal centre plane 136 of the treatment chamber 110is preferably a plane that runs parallel to the conveying direction 112and in the direction 118 of gravity. Thus, the vertical longitudinalcentre plane 136 intersects the treatment chamber 110, preferablycreating two semi-chambers 142 of the same size. As an alternative or inaddition thereto, it may be provided for the vertical longitudinalcentre plane 136 to run through a geometric centre of the treatmentchamber 110, in particular in relation to a maximum or averagehorizontal transverse extent of the treatment chamber 110 in a directionrunning horizontally and perpendicular to the conveying direction 112.

The treatment installation 100 preferably includes a housing 108 whereofthe interior 144 is divided into two. In particular, the interior 144 isdivided by means of the dividing wall 128 into on the one hand thetreatment chamber 110 and on the other a distributor chamber 146 of adistributor device 148 of the treatment installation 100.

Here, the dividing wall 128 preferably runs parallel to the conveyingdirection 112 and is preferably adapted, at least in certain regions, toa contour of the workpiece 104.

In particular, the dividing wall 128 includes a vertical section 150,which extends in the vertical direction 118 in front of a vehicle front152 of the workpiece 104 that takes the form of a vehicle body 106.

As an alternative or in addition thereto, it may be provided for thedividing wall 128 to include a horizontal section 154, which extendssubstantially horizontally and at least approximately along a front hood156 of the workpiece 104 that takes the form of a vehicle body 106.

Further, as an alternative or in addition thereto, it may be providedfor the dividing wall 128 to include an oblique section 158, which isoriented obliquely to the direction 118 of gravity and runs at leastapproximately parallel to an A pillar 160 of the workpiece 104 thattakes the form of a vehicle body 106.

In an alternative embodiment of the treatment installation 100, adividing wall 128 may further be provided such that it is adapted to thecontour of a vehicle rear 162 of the workpiece 104 that takes the formof a vehicle body 106.

In particular, the vertical section 150 of the dividing wall 128 in thatcase runs in the vertical direction along the vehicle rear 162.

Further, it may in that case be provided for the horizontal section 154of the dividing wall 128 to extend at least approximately along a rearhood 164 of the workpiece 104 that takes the form of a vehicle body 106.

Moreover, it may be provided for the oblique section 158 of the dividingwall 128 in that case to run substantially parallel to a C pillar 166 ofthe workpiece 104 that takes the form of a vehicle body 106.

By means of the gas supply 124 and the gas removal arrangement 130, agas stream is flowable through the treatment chamber 110, preferablysubstantially diagonally and transversely, in particular perpendicular,to the conveying direction 112.

The inlet openings 126 and the outlet openings 132 are in this casepreferably arranged such that the gas stream flows through a workpieceinterior 168 preferably at least in certain regions in the workpiecelongitudinal direction 140.

For this purpose, in particular an inlet opening 126 is provided in theoblique section 158 of the dividing wall 128 such that the gas streamflowing through this inlet opening 126 and into the treatment chamber110 is directed into an entry opening 170 in the workpiece 104.

The entry opening 170 is in particular an opening arranged between two Apillars 160 of the workpiece 104 that takes the form of a vehicle body106, for the arrangement of a front screen.

As an alternative thereto, it is also possible to provide an entryopening 170 between two C pillars 166 and/or D pillars (notillustrated).

Thus, in particular a gas stream is directable by means of the inletopenings 126 directly into the workpiece interior 168.

One or more inlet openings 126 arranged in the vertical section 150preferably serve to supply the gas stream to the vehicle front 152 in asubstantially horizontal direction.

One or more exit openings 172 of the workpiece 104 are preferablyarranged in the region of the vehicle rear 162.

Preferably, the one or more outlet openings 132 are arranged in theregions of the side wall 116 and/or base wall 120 close to the vehiclerear 162 in order to be able to remove a gas stream from the workpiece104 in a targeted manner, through the one or more exit openings 172.

A gas stream is thus flowable from the front to the rear through theworkpiece 104, in particular the vehicle body 106, preferably in theworkpiece longitudinal direction 140.

As an alternative, however, through flow may also be provided in theopposite direction.

As a result of the selected flow through the workpiece 104, it ispreferably possible to avoid the workpiece 104, in particular thevehicle body 106, being heated to an undesirably great extent in a roofregion 174. Moreover, as a result of this it is preferably possible toachieve uniform heat supply to the workpiece 104.

The actual supply of heat is in particular performed by the transfer ofheat from the supplied gas stream to the workpiece 104.

Thus, the gas stream is in particular a heated gas stream when it issupplied to the treatment chamber 110 through the inlet openings 126.

For the purpose of providing the gas stream, the treatment installation100 preferably includes a fan device 176, a heating device 178, aseparation device 180 and/or one or more valves 182.

In particular, the gas stream is drivable by means of the fan device176.

The gas stream is preferably heatable directly or indirectly by means ofthe heating device 178. The heating device 178 may in particular includea thermal exhaust gas cleaning device, a regenerative thermal oxidationdevice, an auxiliary burner, a micro gas turbine and/or another type ofcombustion device.

The separation device 180 preferably serves to remove contaminants fromthe gas stream, in particular in order to avoid an undesired action bycontaminants on the coated workpiece 104.

The separation device 180 is for example a filter device.

The one or more valves 182 preferably serve selectively to supply freshair, to remove exhaust air and/or to guide the complete or partialcirculation of air.

In this description and the attached claims, the term “air” is notnecessarily used to designate the oxygen/nitrogen mixture in theatmosphere. Rather, and in an entirely general manner, any desired gasmay be provided. In particular, the term “circulating air” preferablymerely designates guiding a gas stream in a closed circuit.

Preferably, the treatment installation 100 includes a valve 182 thattakes the form of a supply valve 184.

Preferably, a fresh air stream can be supplied by means of the supplyvalve 184.

Further, preferably a removal valve 186 may be provided. By means of theremoval valve 186, in particular the gas stream is removable and/ordischargeable to the environment.

By means of a valve 182 that takes the form of a circulating air valve188, the gas stream may preferably be guided in a circuit. Inparticular, a predetermined quantity of gas is then guidable through thetreatment chamber 110 multiple times.

By positioning the valves 182 suitably, it is further possible toprovide a regular gas supply and regular gas removal in order always toreplace at least some of the gas guided through the treatment chamber110. In particular, this can have the effect of preventing anundesirably high concentration of pollutants.

An efficient gas supply is in particular possible if the partial gasstreams that are removed through the outlet openings 132 are merged forexample by means of a collecting device 190, in particular a collectingduct 192, and are then forwarded together.

The collecting duct 192 may in particular also be a removal duct 194.

By means of a return duct 195, the merged partial gas streams arepreferably forwardable together, in particular being suppliable to theremoval valve 186 and dischargeable to the environment or, in particularby way of the fan device 176, suppliable to the treatment chamber 110again.

In particular if the valves 182 are adjusted such that at least a largeproportion of the gas stream that is guided through the treatmentchamber 110 is guided in a circulating air circuit, the part of thetreatment installation 100 that is illustrated in FIG. 1 is acirculating air module 196.

If, by contrast, substantially exclusively fresh air or fresh gas issupplied to the treatment chamber 110, then the part of the treatmentinstallation 100 that is illustrated in FIG. 1 is preferably a flushingmodule 198.

The treatment installation 100 that is illustrated in FIG. 1 functionsin particular as follows:

By means of the fan device 176, a gas stream is introduced into thedistributor chamber 146 and is there supplied to the inlet openings 126.

The gas stream then passes through the inlet openings 126 and into thetreatment chamber 110.

The inlet openings 126 are for example arranged and/or take a form suchthat the gas stream can flow, for example in the form of a plurality ofpartial gas streams, in a targeted manner into the workpiece interior168 of the workpiece 104.

The gas stream then flows through the workpiece interior 168, at leastapproximately in the workpiece longitudinal direction 140, and is thenremoved from the treatment chamber 110 through the outlet openings 132.

As a result of a flow of this kind through the workpieces 104, it ismade possible in particular for heat to be transferred uniformly fromthe gas stream to the one or more workpieces 104. Preferably, as aresult overheated regions and excessively cool regions of the respectiveworkpiece 104 can be avoided.

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the workpieces 104 are guided through thetreatment chamber 110 in the conveying direction 112, in particular suchthat the workpiece longitudinal direction 140 is oriented perpendicularto the conveying direction 112.

Preferably here, a clocked conveying of the workpieces 104 is provided,with the result that they are stopped at regular intervals in preferredholding positions in relation to the inlet openings 126 and outletopenings 132.

In particular in the case of a gas stream that is maintainedcontinuously, this can ensure the preferred flow or flushing through theworkpieces 104.

A second embodiment of a treatment installation 100, illustrated inFIGS. 2 to 10, substantially corresponds, as regards its structure andfunctioning, to the treatment installation 100 according to the firstembodiment, which is illustrated in FIG. 1.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 7, the treatment installation 100includes a plurality of modules, for example circulating air modules196, which are arranged such that they succeed one another in theconveying direction 112.

Here, for example three circulating air modules 196 are provided, eachof which forms a heating zone 200 of the treatment chamber 110. Forexample three further circulating air modules 196 form for example threeholding zones 202 of the treatment chamber 110. Further, cooling zones(not illustrated) may be formed by further circulating air modules 196.

A heating zone 200 serves in particular to supply heat to the workpiece104 such that the latter is heated.

Heat is preferably supplied in the holding zone 202 such that an alreadyprevailing temperature of the workpiece 104 is kept constant.

The heating zones 200 and the holding zones 202 together preferably forma heating section 204 of the treatment chamber 110.

Preferably, a large part of the procedure for converting the coating onthe workpiece 104 to a condition in which the coating is stable over thelong term takes place in this heating section 204. In particular, thiscomprises a curing of paint and/or an evaporation of solvents.

As can be seen from FIG. 7, each module, in particular each circulatingair module 196, preferably includes a separate circulating air device206 for driving a circulating air gas stream in the respectivecirculating air module 196.

Each circulating air device 206 preferably includes a fan device 176, aheating device 178, a separation device 180 and/or one or more valves182, in particular a supply valve 184, a removal valve 186 and/or acirculating air valve 188.

The circulating air device 206 is in particular docked onto a side wall116 of the housing 108 of the treatment installation 100, in particularof the respective circulating air module 196. In this case, a side wall116 of the housing 108 preferably at the same time forms a side wall 116of the respective circulating air device 206. Preferably, simple throughopenings in the side wall 116 are in that case sufficient to make afluid connection between the respective circulating air device 206 andthe associated section of the treatment chamber 110 and/or therespective distributor chamber 146.

As a result of using a plurality of modules, in particular circulatingair modules 196, and/or a plurality of separate circulating air devices206, it is preferably possible to enable a simple modular structure forthe treatment installation 100. Further, this preferably makes efficientoperation of the treatment installation 100 possible.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 4 to 7, the heating device 178may for example be a centralised heating device 178, in which aplurality of heat exchangers 179 serve for heat transfer in theindividual circulating air modules 196, while the actual heat generation(heating power) takes place in a centralised heating device 178, forexample a thermal exhaust gas cleaning device 181.

In that case, the circulating air devices 206 are connected to oneanother and to the thermal exhaust gas cleaning device 181 for exampleby means of a hot gas line 183 (see FIG. 4), with the result that hotgas generated in the thermal exhaust gas cleaning device 181 issuppliable in a targeted manner, in particular in a controlled and/orregulated manner, to the individual heat exchangers 179 in thecirculating air devices 206.

The hot gas that is generated in the thermal exhaust gas cleaning device181 is in particular exhaust gas from the thermal exhaust gas cleaningdevice 181. This exhaust gas is in particular a cleaned exhaust gas, soit is also designated a clean gas.

The hot gas line 183 is thus in particular also a clean gas line 185.

The gas to be supplied to the treatment chamber 110 is preferablyindirectly heatable by means of the heat exchangers 179.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 8 to 10, it may for example beprovided for the workpieces 104 to be received by means of a respectiveskid 208.

The treatment installation 100 is in this case preferably suitable forselectively treating workpieces 104 of different types and/or sizes (seein particular FIGS. 8 and 9).

By suitable positioning and/or conveying of the workpieces 104, it ispossible to ensure a uniform through flow of the gas stream, preferablyeven with different workpieces 104.

In particular, the workpieces 104 are preferably always positionablesuch that the inlet openings 126 arranged in the oblique section 158 ofthe dividing wall 128 are always directed though an entry opening 170and into the workpiece interior 168.

Otherwise, the embodiment of a treatment installation 100 that isillustrated in FIGS. 2 to 10 corresponds, as regards its structure andfunctioning, to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, so in this respectreference is made to the description thereof above.

FIGS. 11 to 24 illustrate different embodiments of treatmentinstallations 100 that differ from one another and from the embodimentsabove substantially only as regards the arrangement of the inletopenings 126, the outlet openings 132, the dividing wall 128 and/or theconveying device 114.

For this reason, for the substantial structure of the embodiments oftreatment installations 100 illustrated in FIGS. 11 to 24, the reader isreferred to the statements above.

FIGS. 11 to 19 illustrate embodiments of treatment installations 100 inwhich transverse conveying is provided. With a transverse conveying ofthis kind, there is provided in particular conveying by means of theconveying device 114 such that the workpiece longitudinal direction 140is oriented transversely, in particular perpendicular, to the conveyingdirection 112.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 20 to 24, by contrast,longitudinal conveying is provided. With a longitudinal conveying ofthis kind, the workpiece longitudinal direction 140 is oriented parallelto the conveying direction 112.

FIGS. 11 to 15, 20 and 21 show different variants for supplying a gasstream to the treatment chamber 110.

FIGS. 16 to 18, 22 and 23 show different variants for removing the gasstream from the treatment chamber 110.

FIGS. 19 and 24 show examples of complete through flow, in particulartogether with a variant of gas supply and a variant of gas removal,wherein the gas stream flows through a workpiece 104 that takes the formfor example of a vehicle body 106 in the workpiece longitudinaldirection 140, from rear to front.

In principle, all the variants of gas supply are combinable with all thevariants of gas removal.

Preferably, however, a supply of the gas stream on one side of theworkpiece 104 and a removal of the gas stream on a further side of theworkpiece 104, opposite to this side, is provided.

In FIG. 11, at least one inlet opening 126 is provided in a top wall 122of the housing 108. Here, the inlet opening 126 takes a form such that agas stream flowing therethrough can flow through the entry opening 170and into the workpiece interior 168 of the workpiece 104.

According to FIG. 12, an oblique supply of the gas stream is provided inan upper region of a vertical side wall 116, in relation to thedirection 118 of gravity. Here, the gas stream meets the front hood 156of the workpiece 104 in particular obliquely from above and is thensupplied to the entry opening 170 of the workpiece interior 168.

According to FIG. 13, at least one inlet opening 126 that is arranged inthe oblique section 158 of a dividing wall 128 is provided.

According to FIG. 14, an inlet opening 126 that is arranged in a lowerregion of a vertical side wall 116, in relation to the direction 118 ofgravity, is provided.

According to FIG. 15, three inlet openings 126 that are arrangeddistributed in the workpiece longitudinal direction 140 are provided inthe base wall 120. Here, the gas stream is flowable through theworkpiece 104 in particular in opposition to the direction 118 ofgravity, from bottom to top.

According to FIG. 16, an outlet opening 132 is provided in the region ofthe vehicle rear 162, in the base wall 120 of the housing 108.

According to FIG. 17, at least one outlet opening 132 is provided in theregion of the vehicle rear 162, in the side wall 116.

According to FIG. 18, gas removal is provided in a direction runningparallel to the conveying direction 112, in particular to one or bothsides of the workpiece 104 in relation to the workpiece longitudinaldirection 140. In particular, outlet openings 132 are provided in theregion of the vehicle rear 162.

According to FIG. 19, an inlet opening 126 is provided in the top wall122 such that a gas stream is directed into an entry opening 170 betweentwo C pillars 166 of the workpiece 104, which takes the form of avehicle body 106.

Finally, the gas stream that is guided through the workpiece interior168 is removable from the treatment chamber 110 in a lower region of avertical side wall 116, in relation to the direction 118 of gravity,through an outlet opening 132 that is arranged there.

The gas supply according to FIG. 20 corresponds to that from FIG. 11.

The gas supply according to FIG. 21 corresponds to that from FIG. 15.

The gas removal according to FIG. 22 corresponds to that from FIG. 16.

The gas removal according to FIG. 23 corresponds to that from FIG. 18.

The flow through the workpiece 104 according to FIG. 19 is likewiseprovided in the variant according to FIG. 24.

As already mentioned, in the embodiments of the treatment installation100 according to FIGS. 20 to 24 there is no transverse conveying,however, but a longitudinal conveying.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 24, this means that the inletopenings 126 on the one hand and the outlet openings 132 on the otherare arranged offset from one another in the conveying direction 112.

Because the direction in which the gas stream flows in is adapted to theone or more entry openings 170 in the workpieces 104, if there werecontinuous conveying of the workpieces 104 the result would be forexample a greatly overheated roof region 174.

For this reason, the workpieces 104 are preferably conveyed in clockedmanner by means of the conveying direction 114 and in particular arestopped in preferred holding positions, as illustrated for example inFIG. 24.

The desired flow through the workpiece interior 168 then takes place inthese holding positions.

A further embodiment of a treatment installation 100, illustrated inFIG. 25, differs from the first embodiment illustrated for example inFIG. 1 substantially in that the treatment installation 100 includes alock 210.

Further, the treatment installation 100 includes a circulating airmodule 196 and a flushing module 198.

Here, it is in particular provided for the circulating air module 196,the flushing module 198 and the lock 210 to be arranged such that theysucceed one another in this order in the conveying direction 112.

The treatment installation 100 preferably includes a gas guidearrangement such that unpolluted gas, for example a fresh air stream, issuppliable to the lock 210.

Thus, the lock 210 is in particular an airlock.

Gas that is guided through the lock 210, in particular an isolating gasstream, is preferably suppliable to the flushing module 198 by means ofthe gas guide arrangement of the treatment installation 100.

In particular, the gas stream in the flushing module 198 is guidedthrough the treatment chamber 110, in particular the workpiece interior168, as a flushing gas stream in order to remove contaminants that werepreviously therein as completely as possible and to take them out of theworkpiece interior 168 and/or the treatment chamber 110. Thecontaminants are in particular solvent vapours.

The flushing gas stream that is removed from the flushing module 198 maypreferably be re-used. For example, it may at least in part be added toa circulating air module 196 as incoming air. Further, supply to anexhaust gas cleaning device (not illustrated) may also be provided.

As a result of the described gas guidance arrangement of the treatmentinstallation 100, it is possible in particular to enableenergy-efficient operation of the treatment installation 100.

Otherwise, the embodiment of a treatment installation 100 that isillustrated in FIG. 25 preferably corresponds, as regards its structureand functioning, to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, so inthis respect reference is made to the description thereof above.

A further embodiment of a treatment installation 100, illustratedschematically in FIG. 26, differs from the embodiment illustrated inFIG. 25 substantially in that the treatment installation 100 includes,alongside a heating section 204 formed by one or more circulating airmodules 196, a flushing section 212, formed for example by a flushingmodule 198, and a cooling section 214.

Further, preferably two locks 210 are provided, wherein one lock 210separates the heating section 204 from the flushing section 212. Thefurther lock 210 separates the flushing section 212 from the coolingsection 214.

The heating section 204, one lock 210, the flushing section 212, thefurther lock 210 and the cooling section 214 are preferably arranged tosucceed one another in this order in relation to the conveying direction112.

The treatment installation 100 that is illustrated in FIG. 26 preferablyincludes a gas supply, in which a fresh air gas stream is suppliable toa lock 210 or to the flushing section 212.

A flushing gas stream that is guided through the flushing section 212 ispreferably supplied to the heating section 204. In particular here, asupply is provided at an end 216 of the heating section 204 that isfacing away from the flushing section 212.

Removal of the gas stream that is guided through the heating section 204is preferably performed at an end 218 of the heating section 204 thatfaces the flushing section 212.

Otherwise, the embodiment of a treatment installation 100 that isillustrated in FIG. 26 corresponds, as regards its structure andfunctioning, to that illustrated in FIG. 25 and/or one of theembodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 24, so in this respect referenceis made to the description thereof above.

An embodiment of a treatment installation 100 that is illustrated inFIG. 27 differs from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 26 substantiallyin that the treatment installation 100 includes two heating sections 204between which a flushing section 212 that is separated by means of twolocks 210 is arranged.

A further lock 210 is preferably arranged between the heating section204 that is at the rear, in relation to the conveying direction 112, andthe cooling section 214.

In the embodiment of the treatment installation 100 that is illustratedin FIG. 27, it is preferably provided for the flushing gas stream thatis guided through the flushing section 212 to be divided and for eachpartial gas stream to be supplied to an end 216 of a respective heatingsection 204 that is facing away from the flushing section 212.

Then, the gas stream that is guided through the respective heatingsection 204 is removed at the end 218 of each heating section 204 thatis arranged to face the flushing section 212.

As a result of the selected gas guide arrangement, in the embodiment ofthe treatment installation 100 that is illustrated in FIG. 27 flowthrough the front heating section 204, as seen in the conveyingdirection 112, is preferably in the conveying direction 112, while flowthrough the rear heating section 204, as seen in the conveying direction112, is preferably in opposition to the conveying direction 112. As aresult, the part of the treatment installation 100 that is at the frontas seen in the conveying direction 112 is enriched in particular withsolvent, in particular upstream of the flushing section 212. As a resultof guiding the gas stream in counter-current in the heating section 204that is at the rear as seen in the conveying direction 112, there ispreferably a particularly small discharge of solvent to the environment.

Otherwise, the embodiment of a treatment installation 100 that isillustrated in FIG. 27 corresponds, as regards its structure andfunctioning, to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 26, so in thisrespect reference is made to the description thereof above.

Different variants of conveying devices 114 are illustrated in FIGS. 28to 32.

These various variants of the conveying device 114 may preferably beused in all the variants of treatment installations 100 that areillustrated and described.

In particular, the conveying devices 114 are here provided for conveyingthe workpieces 104 along an overall conveying line 220.

This overall conveying line 220 preferably extends through all thesections of the treatment installation 100, in particular through theheating section 204, a flushing section 212 and/or a cooling section214, or through a plurality of the said sections 204, 212, 214.

Moreover, by means of the respective conveying device 114 conveyingthrough one or more locks 210 is also provided.

In the embodiment of a conveying device 114 that is illustrated in FIG.28, it is provided for the conveying device 114 to include a transferdevice 222.

By means of a transfer device 222 of this kind, a connection is inparticular producible between two partial conveying lines 224 of theoverall conveying line 220, which meet for example at an angle of 90°.

By means of the transfer device 222, it is in particular possible topass on the workpieces 104 from one partial conveying line 224 to thefurther partial conveying line 224 such that the workpieces 104 maintaintheir global rotational orientation unchanged in relation to thetreatment installation 100.

If for example in a first partial conveying line 224 a longitudinalconveying of the workpieces 104 is provided, and this partial conveyingline 224 a meets a second partial conveying line 224 b that runsperpendicular thereto, a transverse conveying is produced in the regionof the second partial conveying line 224 b with an unchanged rotationalorientation of the workpieces 104.

A conveying device 114 according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG.28 is particularly suitable if there is a need to pass through a lock210 having the smallest possible cross section but thereafter atransverse conveying is preferred.

An embodiment of a conveying device 114 that is illustrated in FIG. 29differs from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 28 substantially in thatthree partial conveying lines 224 and two transfer devices 222 areprovided. By means of the conveying device 114, in this case inparticular initially transverse conveying of the workpieces 104 istransferable to a longitudinal conveying thereof, for example in orderto guide them through a lock 210. Thereafter, the workpieces 104 are inparticular transferable once again in order to enable a furthertransverse conveying.

Otherwise, the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 29 corresponds, as regardsits structure and functioning, to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 28,so in this respect reference is made to the description thereof above.

By means of a conveying device 114 according to the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 29, it is possible in particular to perform alateral displacement of the workpieces 104 (in a direction runningperpendicular to the conveying direction).

It may further be provided for a conveying device 114 to includesubstantially two conveying devices 114 according to the embodimentillustrated in FIG. 29, which are arranged and take a form such that theworkpieces 104 are initially laterally displaceable and thereafter aremovable back to an original straight line in which they are conveyed.

A further embodiment of a conveying device 114 that is illustrated inFIG. 30 differs from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 28 substantiallyin that the conveying device 114 includes two rotation devices 226.

By means of each rotation device 226, the workpieces 104 are preferablyrotatable about a vertical axis of rotation 228.

By means of the rotation device 226, a global rotational orientation ofthe workpieces 104 in relation to the treatment installation 100 is thusvariable, in particular without varying a general conveying direction112 in two partial conveying lines 224 that are connected to one anotherby means of the respective rotation device 226.

In the embodiment of the treatment installation 100 that is illustratedin FIG. 30, it is in particular provided for the workpieces 104 first ofall to be conveyed in an orientation that is perpendicular to theconveying direction 112, that is to say transverse conveying isprovided. By means of a rotation device 226, a rotation of theworkpieces 104 is then performed, preferably upstream of a lock 210, inorder to convert the transverse conveying to a longitudinal conveying.The workpieces 104 are then guided through the lock 210 in thislongitudinal orientation and thereafter are rotated once again by meansof a further rotation device 226 in order ultimately to continuetransverse conveying.

During this, preferably the conveying direction 112 does not change.

Otherwise, the embodiment of a conveying device 114 that is illustratedin FIG. 30 preferably corresponds, as regards its structure andfunctioning, to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 28, so in thisrespect reference is made to the description thereof above.

An embodiment of a conveying device 114 that is illustrated in FIG. 31differs from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 28 substantially in thatthe conveying device 114 includes not only a rotation device 226 butalso a transfer device 222 and a lifting device 230.

This conveying device 114 is in particular usable in a treatmentinstallation 100 that takes the form of a so-called A-type oven.

It may be favourable if the treatment installation 100 includes aheating section 204 and/or a flushing section 212 that is arrangedabove, in particular entirely above, a cooling section 214 in relationto the direction 118 of gravity. As a result of this an undesired heatdischarge from the heating section 204 can be avoided or at leastreduced.

The workpieces 104 are conveyable through the heating section 204,preferably along a first partial conveying line 224, and suppliable tothe flushing section 212.

The flushing section 212 is separable from the heating section 204and/or the cooling section 214 preferably by means of two mechanicalseparating elements 232.

A separating element 232 may for example take the form of a roll-up gateor lifting gate that is introducible between the heating section 204 andthe flushing section 212.

A further separating element 232 is for example a base plate 234 of thelifting device 230.

In this case, the base plate 234 closes off, downwards in relation tothe direction 118 of gravity, in particular an interior of the flushingsection 212 when the lifting device 230 is in a lifted position, forexample in order to be able to receive workpieces 104 at the level ofthe heating section 204.

In order to transfer workpieces 104 in the region of the flushingsection 212, a transfer device 222 may optionally be provided.

The workpieces 104 are lowerable by means of the lifting device 230 fromthe level of the heating section 204 to the level of the cooling section214 and then, in particular by means of an optional transfer device 222,are transferable to a further partial conveying line 224.

It may be provided for a global rotational orientation of the workpieces104 in relation to the treatment installation 100 to be varied by meansof one or more rotation devices 226.

For example, together with the lifting device 230, a rotation device 226may form an integrated handling device 236.

Here, it may be provided in particular for the workpieces 104, as theyare lifted or lowered by means of the lifting device 230, at the sametime to be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation 228.

A further rotation device 226 that is arranged for example in thecooling section 214 may further serve for optimised conveying of theworkpieces 104 in this cooling section 214.

Otherwise, the embodiment of a conveying device 114 and/or of theoverall treatment installation 100 that is illustrated in FIG. 31corresponds, as regards its structure and functioning, selectively toone or more of the embodiments described above, so in this respectreference is made to the description thereof above.

An embodiment of a conveying device 114 that is illustrated in FIG. 32differs from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 30 substantially in thatonly one rotation device 226 is provided.

Thus, as regards the conveying direction 112 upstream of the lock 210,preferably a longitudinal conveying of the workpieces 104 is provided inorder to enable the workpieces 104 to be guided through the lock 210with the smallest possible cross section. Downstream of the lock 210,the longitudinal conveying is preferably transferable to a transverseconveying by means of the rotation device 226.

Otherwise, the embodiment of a conveying device 114 that is illustratedin FIG. 32 corresponds, as regards its structure and functioning, to theembodiment illustrated in FIG. 30, so in this respect reference is madeto the description thereof above.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A treatment installation for treatingworkpieces in the form of coated vehicle bodies, wherein the treatmentinstallation includes a treatment chamber and a conveying device, bymeans of which the workpieces are suppliable to the treatment chamber,are removable from the treatment chamber, and/or are conveyable throughthe treatment chamber in a conveying direction; and wherein thetreatment installation comprises several inlet openings for supplyinggas to the treatment chamber, and several outlet openings for removinggas from the treatment chamber, wherein the inlet openings and theoutlet openings are arranged opposite one another in relation to adiagonal plane, wherein the diagonal plane extends parallel to theconveying direction and substantially diagonally through the treatmentchamber, wherein the workpieces are receivable by means of the conveyingdevice and are conveyable through the treatment chamber, at least incertain regions, such that a longitudinal direction of the workpieces isoriented transversely to the conveying direction.
 2. The treatmentinstallation according to claim 1, wherein the workpieces are receivableby means of the conveying device and are conveyable through thetreatment chamber, at least in certain regions, such that a longitudinaldirection of the workpieces is oriented at least approximatelyhorizontally and/or forms an angle of at least approximately 90° withthe conveying direction.
 3. The treatment installation according toclaim 1, wherein the several inlet openings and the several outletopenings are arranged at a distance from one another that is at leastapproximately 60% of a total length of the workpiece, as seen in aworkpiece longitudinal direction.
 4. The treatment installationaccording to claim 1, wherein the several inlet openings and the severaloutlet openings are arranged offset in relation to the conveyingdirection.
 5. The treatment installation according to claim 1, whereinthe several inlet openings are arranged in one of two semi-chambers ofthe treatment chamber that are divided by a longitudinal center planethat runs vertically, horizontally or obliquely thereto, and/or whereinthe several outlet openings are arranged in one of the two semi-chambersof the treatment chamber that are divided by the longitudinal centerplane that runs vertically, horizontally or obliquely thereto.
 6. Thetreatment installation according to claim 1, wherein the several inletopenings and the several outlet openings are arranged such that gas isflowable through the treatment chamber transversely to the conveyingdirection and/or at least approximately diagonally.
 7. The treatmentinstallation according to claim 1, wherein the treatment installationincludes at least one circulating air module, wherein each circulatingair module includes: a gas supply for supplying gas to the treatmentchamber; and/or a gas removal arrangement for removing gas from thetreatment chamber; and/or a fan device for driving a circulating air gasstream; and/or a separation device for separating contaminants out ofthe circulating air gas stream; and/or a distributor device fordistributing the circulating air gas stream that is to be supplied tothe treatment chamber over the several inlet openings of the gas supply;and/or a collecting device by means of which the circulating air gasstream that is removed from the treatment chamber through the severaloutlet openings of the gas removal arrangement is mergeable.
 8. Thetreatment installation according to claim 1, wherein the treatmentinstallation includes one or more return ducts that each connect theseveral outlet openings, through which a gas stream is removable fromthe treatment chamber, to a respective one of several inlet openings forsupplying the circulating air gas stream and/or a flushing gas stream tothe treatment chamber, wherein the one or more return ducts run at leastapproximately along planes that are oriented perpendicular to theconveying direction or extend at least approximately along planes thatare oriented perpendicular to the conveying direction.
 9. The treatmentinstallation according to claim 8, wherein, by means of one or more ofthe return ducts and the several outlet openings and the several inletopenings that are connected to one another by the respective returnduct, an annular gas flow is producible within a circulating air module,and the annular gas flow extends at least approximately along a planethat is oriented perpendicular to the conveying direction.
 10. Thetreatment installation according to claim 1, wherein the treatmentinstallation includes a heating installation that includes aself-contained heating gas guide arrangement, wherein a plurality ofcirculating air modules are coupled to the heating gas guide arrangementfor heating a gas stream guided through the treatment chamber.
 11. Thetreatment installation according to claim 1, wherein the treatmentinstallation includes at least one flushing module, wherein eachflushing module includes: a gas supply for supplying gas to thetreatment chamber; and/or a gas removal arrangement for removing gasfrom the treatment chamber; and/or a fan device for driving a flushinggas stream; and/or a separation device for separating contaminants outof the flushing gas stream; and/or a distributor device for distributingthe flushing gas stream that is to be supplied to the treatment chamberover the several inlet openings of the gas supply; and/or a collectingdevice by means of which the flushing gas stream that is removed fromthe treatment chamber through the several outlet openings of the gasremoval arrangement is mergeable.
 12. The treatment installationaccording to claim 7, wherein the distributor device is separated fromthe treatment chamber by means of a dividing wall, wherein at least oneof the several inlet openings are made in the dividing wall.
 13. Thetreatment installation according to claim 12, wherein the dividing wallis formed to follow a workpiece longitudinal contour, at least incertain regions.
 14. The treatment installation according to claim 12,wherein the dividing wall includes a substantially vertical section thatruns at least approximately parallel to a vehicle front or a vehiclerear of a vehicle body, a substantially horizontal section that runs atleast approximately parallel to a front hood or rear hood of the vehiclebody, and/or an oblique section that runs at least approximatelyparallel to A pillars or C pillars of the vehicle body.
 15. Thetreatment installation according to claim 14, wherein the dividing wallincludes a plurality of inlet openings in the substantially verticalsection that runs at least approximately parallel to a vehicle front ora vehicle rear of a vehicle body and/or a plurality of inlet openings inthe oblique section that runs at least approximately parallel to Apillars or C pillars of the vehicle body.
 16. The treatment installationaccording to claim 7, wherein the treatment installation includes aplurality of flushing modules and/or a plurality of circulating airmodules, wherein each circulating air module forms a heating zone or aholding zone of the treatment chamber.
 17. The treatment installationaccording to claim 7, wherein the treatment installation includes one ormore flushing modules and/or one or more circulating air modules thatare formed by a respective transport unit, wherein a transport unit is atransportable unit that is transportable from one location to anotherlocation as a whole and/or without further subdivision or furtherdismantling into constituent parts of the transport unit.
 18. Thetreatment installation according to claim 7, wherein the treatmentinstallation includes a plurality of transport units that each form atransportable unit that is transportable from one location to anotherlocation as a whole and/or without further subdivision or furtherdismantling into constituent parts of the transport unit, wherein thereis associated with the transport units in each case precisely oneprocessing cycle and/or in each case precisely one processing positionor holding position for processing a workpiece.
 19. The treatmentinstallation according to claim 7, wherein the collecting deviceincludes a collecting duct that is arranged outside the treatmentchamber and into which the several outlet openings open, and/or in thatthe collecting device includes a return duct by means of which thecirculating air gas stream or flushing gas stream removed from thetreatment chamber through the several outlet openings is guidable to thefan device, the separation device and/or the distributor device.
 20. Thetreatment installation according to claim 1, wherein flow through thetreatment chamber is provided such that at least 70% of the gas flowingin through the several inlet openings is removable from the treatmentchamber through the several outlet openings.
 21. The treatmentinstallation according to claim 1, wherein the several outlet openingsare arranged in a base wall or side wall that delimits the treatmentchamber.
 22. The treatment installation according to claim 1, whereinthe conveying device includes a rotation device by means of which arotational orientation of the workpieces about a vertical axis ofrotation is variable.
 23. The treatment installation according to claim1, wherein the conveying device includes a lifting device by means ofwhich the workpieces are liftable from a first level to a second leveland/or are lowerable from the second level to the first level.
 24. Thetreatment installation according to claim 1, wherein the conveyingdevice includes a transfer device by means of which the workpieces aretransferable from one partial conveying line to a further partialconveying line, wherein the conveying directions in the two partialconveying lines are different from one another, and wherein a globalrotational orientation of the workpieces in relation to the treatmentinstallation is identical in both partial conveying lines.
 25. Thetreatment installation according to claim 1, wherein the conveyingdevice includes a rotation device, by means of which a rotationalorientation of the workpieces about a vertical axis of rotation isvariable, and a lifting device, by means of which the workpieces areliftable from a first level to a second level and/or are lowerable fromthe second level to the first level, wherein the rotation device and thelifting device take the form of an integrated handling device forhandling the workpieces between two partial conveying lines.
 26. Amethod for treating workpieces in the form of coated vehicle bodies,wherein the method includes the following: supplying workpieces to atreatment chamber of a treatment installation; and/or guiding workpiecesthrough the treatment chamber; and/or removing workpieces from thetreatment chamber; and wherein the treatment installation comprisesseveral inlet openings for supplying gas to the treatment chamber, andseveral outlet openings for removing gas from the treatment chamber,wherein the inlet openings and the outlet openings are arranged oppositeone another in relation to a diagonal plane, wherein the diagonal planeextends parallel to the conveying direction and substantially diagonallythrough the treatment chamber, wherein the workpieces are receivable bymeans of the conveying device and are conveyable through the treatmentchamber, at least in certain regions, such that a longitudinal directionof the workpieces is oriented transversely to the conveying direction.27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the workpieces areconveyed through the treatment chamber discontinuously and/or in clockedmanner, wherein the workpieces are stopped at one or more holdingpositions and a gas stream flows through them there.
 28. The methodaccording to claim 26, wherein gas supply to the treatment chamberand/or gas removal from the treatment chamber are performeddiscontinuously and/or in clocked manner, wherein a volumetric flow ofthe gas stream guided through the treatment chamber is reduced and/orinterrupted if one or more workpieces are moved and/or arranged inundesired intermediate positions.
 29. The method according to claim 26,wherein a gas stream flows through the workpieces at least in certainregions or at least partly in a workpiece longitudinal direction.